Table 8 Animal Studies of VAE on Breast or Gynaecological Cancer (transplanted human or murine tumours or primary autochthonous tumour)
| Tumour, site | Animal | VAE, application and dosage |
Tumour growth T/C |
Survival ILS | Other outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human breast | Mice | |||||
| MAXF 449, sc | Nude mice | Local Abnobaviscum Qu 8 or 4 or 2 mg/kg, it, qd * 3 | 6 to 20% | [116] | ||
| Systemic Abnobaviscum Qu 8 mg/kg, it, qd * 3 | 78% | |||||
| MAXF 449, sc | Nude mice | Abnobaviscum M 8 mg/kg, sc, qd * 3 * 2 w | 68% | [116] | ||
| BT474, sc | Mice (BALB/c) | Helixor M or A 5 mg, it, qd * 3 * 2 w | 29 to 52% | [96] | ||
| Murine breast | ||||||
| Carcinoma, sc, iv | Mice (CBA/HZgr) | Isorel M, 3 mg, sc, qod * 21 | No difference | Lung-metastases: VAE vs. control: 13.4 vs. 37.5 | [117] | |
| Carcinoma, sc | Mice (CBA/HZgr) | Isorel M, 1400 mg/kg, 2 w | 20% | [118] | ||
| Carcinoma, sc | Mice (CBA/HZgr) | Isorel M, 140 mg/kg | Recurrence after resection, VAE vs. control: 47% vs. 78% | [118] | ||
| Carcinoma, iv | Mice (CBA/HZgr) | Isorel M, 140 mg/kg, ip | 52 lung-metastases | [118] | ||
| Endoxan, 50 mg/kg | 23 lung-metastases | |||||
| Isorel M, 140 mg/kg & Endoxan 50 mg/kg | 10 lung-metastases | |||||
| Control | 76 lung-metastases | |||||
| C3H adenocarcinoma, 16/C | Mice (B6C3F1) | Iscador M, 50 or 100 mg/kg, ip, qd, day 1–14 | 28% | 15 to 20% | [119] | |
| RC adenocarcinoma, sc | Mice (DBA) | VAE I, sc | 20 to 40% | [111] | ||
| ECa, ip | Mice (NMRI) | VAE (supracritical CO2 extraction), 2 mL/kg, ip, qd, starting day -7, day 0, or day 7 | 65 to 100%II | [120] | ||
| ECa, ip | Mice (BALB/c) | Iscador, 15 μg, ip, day -1 | 108% | [121] | ||
| Sodium caseinate & Iscador, 15 μg, ip, day -1 | no death | |||||
| Sodium caseinate, day -1 | 0% | |||||
| ECa, ip | Mice (BALB/c) | Iscador, 15 μg, ip, day 6 | 82% | [121] | ||
| Sodium caseinate, day 6 | 7% | |||||
| ECa, ip | Mice (BALB/c) | Iscador-activated macrophages, ip, day 6 | 49% | [121] | ||
| Non-activated macrophages, ip, day 6 | 4% | |||||
| ECa, ip | Mice (BALB/c) | Iscador activated macrophages, ip, day 6, 10, 14 | 98% | [121] | ||
| Non-activated macrophages, ip, day 6, 10, 14 | 9% | |||||
| ECa, sc | Mice (BALB/c) | Iscador, 15 μg, it, day 7 | Severe necrosis, infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages | [122] | ||
| ECa, sc | Mice (Swiss) | Iscador M, 1.66 mg, im, qod * 5 or 10 | 3 to 10% | [123] | ||
| ECa, ip | Mice (Swiss) | Iscador M, 1.66 mg, ip, qod * 10 | 76% | [123] | ||
| ECa, ip | Mice (Swiss) | Iscador M, 25 or 50 mg/kg, ip, qd * 14 | 69 to 97% | No tumour-free mice | [119] | |
| ECa, ip | Mice (Swiss) | Iscador M, sc, cumulative dose 4, 5, 150, or 200 mg | -4 to 0% | [124] | ||
| ECa, sc | Mice | VAE, it, 0.1–0.2 ccm, qod * 6–10 | Complete remission & no recurrence: 27% | [125, 126] | ||
| Murine breast | Rats | |||||
| Walker carcinosarcoma 256; sc | Rats (Sprague Dawley) | Iscador M, sc, cumulative dose 11, 16, 500, or 750 mg or combination of Iscador M, sc, cumulative dose 11 or 500 mg & Cetraria praeparata, cumulative dose 3 or 164 mg | 93 to 115% | -16 to 8% | [124] | |
| Dunning DMBA-5A; sc | Rats | Iscador M, 2.5–15 mg, ip, qd | No difference | Less tumour viability | [127] | |
| Walker carcinosarkoma 256 | Rats | Iscador M, 0.005–0.5 mg, im, qd | No difference | Metastases: no difference | [128] | |
| Autochthonous | ||||||
| Methylnitrosurea-induced | Rats (Sprague Dawley) | Iscador M c. Arg., sc, 0,2 ml/day, 50 mg/week * 6 weeks | 75% | -16% | [124] |