Table 8 Animal Studies of VAE on Breast or Gynaecological Cancer (transplanted human or murine tumours or primary autochthonous tumour)

Human breast

Mice

MAXF 449, sc

Nude mice

Local Abnobaviscum Qu 8 or 4 or 2 mg/kg, it, qd * 3

6 to 20%

[116]

Systemic Abnobaviscum Qu 8 mg/kg, it, qd * 3

78%

MAXF 449, sc

Nude mice

Abnobaviscum M 8 mg/kg, sc, qd * 3 * 2 w

68%

[116]

BT474, sc

Mice (BALB/c)

Helixor M or A 5 mg, it, qd * 3 * 2 w

29 to 52%

[96]

Murine breast

Carcinoma, sc, iv

Mice (CBA/HZgr)

Isorel M, 3 mg, sc, qod * 21

No difference

Lung-metastases: VAE vs. control: 13.4 vs. 37.5

[117]

Carcinoma, sc

Mice (CBA/HZgr)

Isorel M, 1400 mg/kg, 2 w

20%

[118]

Carcinoma, sc

Mice (CBA/HZgr)

Isorel M, 140 mg/kg

Recurrence after resection, VAE vs. control: 47% vs. 78%

[118]

Carcinoma, iv

Mice (CBA/HZgr)

Isorel M, 140 mg/kg, ip

52 lung-metastases

[118]

Endoxan, 50 mg/kg

23 lung-metastases

Isorel M, 140 mg/kg & Endoxan 50 mg/kg

10 lung-metastases

Control

76 lung-metastases

C3H adenocarcinoma, 16/C

Mice (B6C3F1)

Iscador M, 50 or 100 mg/kg, ip, qd, day 1–14

28%

15 to 20%

[119]

RC adenocarcinoma, sc

Mice (DBA)

VAE ^I, sc

20 to 40%

[111]

ECa, ip

Mice (NMRI)

VAE (supracritical CO₂ extraction), 2 mL/kg, ip, qd, starting day -7, day 0, or day 7

65 to 100%^II

[120]

ECa, ip

Mice (BALB/c)

Iscador, 15 μg, ip, day -1

108%

[121]

Sodium caseinate & Iscador, 15 μg, ip, day -1

no death

Sodium caseinate, day -1

0%

ECa, ip

Mice (BALB/c)

Iscador, 15 μg, ip, day 6

82%

[121]

Sodium caseinate, day 6

7%

ECa, ip

Mice (BALB/c)

Iscador-activated macrophages, ip, day 6

49%

[121]

Non-activated macrophages, ip, day 6

4%

ECa, ip

Mice (BALB/c)

Iscador activated macrophages, ip, day 6, 10, 14

98%

[121]

Non-activated macrophages, ip, day 6, 10, 14

9%

ECa, sc

Mice (BALB/c)

Iscador, 15 μg, it, day 7

Severe necrosis, infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages

[122]

ECa, sc

Mice (Swiss)

Iscador M, 1.66 mg, im, qod * 5 or 10

3 to 10%

[123]

ECa, ip

Mice (Swiss)

Iscador M, 1.66 mg, ip, qod * 10

76%

[123]

ECa, ip

Mice (Swiss)

Iscador M, 25 or 50 mg/kg, ip, qd * 14

69 to 97%

No tumour-free mice

[119]

ECa, ip

Mice (Swiss)

Iscador M, sc, cumulative dose 4, 5, 150, or 200 mg

-4 to 0%

[124]

ECa, sc

Mice

VAE, it, 0.1–0.2 ccm, qod * 6–10

Complete remission & no recurrence: 27%

[125, 126]

Murine breast

Rats

Walker carcinosarcoma 256; sc

Rats (Sprague Dawley)

Iscador M, sc, cumulative dose 11, 16, 500, or 750 mg or combination of Iscador M, sc, cumulative dose 11 or 500 mg & Cetraria praeparata, cumulative dose 3 or 164 mg

93 to 115%

-16 to 8%

[124]

Dunning DMBA-5A; sc

Rats

Iscador M, 2.5–15 mg, ip, qd

No difference

Less tumour viability

[127]

Walker carcinosarkoma 256

Rats

Iscador M, 0.005–0.5 mg, im, qd

No difference

Metastases: no difference

[128]

Autochthonous

Methylnitrosurea-induced

Rats (Sprague Dawley)

Iscador M c. Arg., sc, 0,2 ml/day, 50 mg/week * 6 weeks

75%

-16%

[124]