Figure 6

Effects of CCL2, IL-8, and CXCL16 on the activation of the Akt, ERK, and NF-κB pathways in HCC cells. The levels of phosphorylated Akt and ERK in MHCC97H (A) Cells after exposure to CCL2, IL-8, or CXCL16 at different concentrations. (B) Activation of NF-κB in MHCC97H cells were measured using a specific TransAM NF-κB p65 kit under CCL2, IL-8, or CXCL16 stimulation (*P < 0.05 vs. the control). (C) Schematic drawing illustrating the proposed mechanism by which endothelial cell-derived cytokines initiated a paracrine signaling cascade that results in enhanced HCC growth and invasion.