Figure 1From: Activation of NF-κB by the RANKL/RANK system up-regulates snail and twist expressions and induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mammary tumor cell linesRANKL enhances Snail and Twist expression and induces changes in the morphology of cells. (A) Analysis of cell morphology after cell treatment of with 100 ng/mL RANKL. RANKL induces changes in the epithelial morphology of 4T1, MCF-7, and NMuMG cells (×40 magnification). (B-D) Total RNA was extracted, and the mRNA expression levels of vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and Twist were determined by real-time PCR. The results are expressed as treated over control ratio after correction to GAPDH mRNA levels. The results are representative of 5 independent experiments. *p < 0.01, as compared to controls (ANOVA with Dunnett’s test).Back to article page