Figure 5
Butein inhibition of both ROS production and AKT phosphorylation in vivo . (A) Tumor cells were orthotopically injected into nude mice (n = 5/group). Butein (10 μg/ml) or saline was subcutaneously injected six days after orthotopic tumor injection, which was repeated three times a week. Tumor volumes were measured at indicative time points. Asterisks indicate that P-value is less than 0.05. (B) Mouse body weights were measured at indicative time points. (C) Histopathological observations. BrdU, cleaved Caspase-3 and pAKT were stained with appropriate antibodies. In situ ROS was labeled with H2DCF-DA. A bar indicates a scale of 40X observation. (D) Levels of phosphorylated and total AKT in xenograft tumor tissues.