Contralateral upper tract urothelial carcinoma after nephroureterectomy: the predictive role of DNA methylation

Table 3 Summary of the frequency of methylation of the genes in UTUC based on the main clinicopathologic variables

	Overall methylation (%) n = 664	Age, %		Gender, %		Architecture, %		Tumor size, %		Multifocal, %		Smoke, %		Stage ^a , %		Grade ^b , %
	Overall methylation (%) n = 664	<70 n = 372	≥70 n = 292	Male n = 295	Female n = 369	Papillary n = 515	Sessile n = 149	≤3 cm n = 373	>3 cm n = 291	Yes n = 159	No n = 505	Yes n = 121	No n = 543	Low stage n = 458	High stage n = 206	Low grade n = 381	High stage n = 283
ABCC6	14.5	12.6	16.8	11.5	16.8	12.8	20.1	13.7	15.5	11.3	15.4	9.9	15.5	12.7	18.4	12.6	17.0
BRCA1	17.2	17.2	17.1	12.5	20.9	14.0	28.2	16.4	18.2	20.1	16.2	9.9	18.8	15.1	21.8	13.4	22.3
CDH1	14.2	13.2	15.4	14.2	14.1	11.7	22.8	14.5	13.7	11.9	14.9	15.7	13.8	11.6	19.9	10.5	19.1
GDF15	49.2	48.4	50.3	53.2	46.1	52.4	38.3	46.4	52.9	49.7	49.1	55.4	47.9	45.6	57.3	54.3	42.4
HSPA2	41.6	38.4	45.5	40.0	42.8	39.0	50.3	39.9	43.6	38.4	42.6	37.2	42.5	35.2	55.8	37.3	47.3
RASSF1A	26.5	26.1	27.1	25.4	27.4	27.4	32.9	24.1	29.6	20.1	28.5	19.8	27.8	22.9	34.0	22.8	31.1
SALL3	34.6	33.3	36.3	33.2	35.8	33.4	39.6	35.1	34.0	30.8	35.8	26.4	36.5	32.8	38.8	33.3	36.4
THBS1	25.2	22.8	28.1	26.4	24.1	20.7	40.3	27.6	22.0	21.4	26.3	26.6	24.9	22.5	31.1	19.2	33.2
TMEFF2	43.4	41.1	46.2	43.4	43.4	41.7	49.0	38.3	49.8	37.7	45.1	41.3	43.8	39.3	52.4	40.4	47.3
VIM	63.6	59.1	69.2	66.4	61.2	63.5	63.8	60.6	67.4	61.6	64.2	66.1	63.0	61.4	68.4	64.0	62.9

^aThe stage was divided into a low stage (stage Ta, T1, or T2) group and a high stage (stage T3 or T4) group.
^bThe grade was divided into a low grade (grade G1 or G2) group and a high grade (grade G3) group.
The data reaching for statistical significance was present in bold type.
The methylation of VIM (P = 0.008), BRCA1 (P = 0.005), TMEFF2 (P = 0.003), and RASSF1A (P = 0.037) was correlated with the age, gender, tumors size, and mulifocality, respectively. The methylation of BRCA1 (P = 0.019) and SALL3 (P = 0.036) were correlated with smoke history. The methylation of ABCC6 (P = 0.025), BRCA1 (P = 0.000), CDH1 (P = 0.001), GDF15 (P = 0.002), HSPA2 (P = 0.014), RASSF1A (P = 0.045), and TSHB1 (P = 0.000) was correlated with the architecture of tumors. Methylation was associated with advanced tumor grade for BRCA1 (P = 0.003), CDH1 (P = 0.002), HSPA2 (P = 0.009), RASSF1A (P = 0.017), and THBS1 (P = 0.000), and unmethylated GDF15 (P = 0.002) promoter was associated with advanced tumor grade. Methylation was associated with advanced tumor stage for ABCC6 (P = 0.050), BRCA1 (P = 0.032), CDH1 (P = 0.004), GDF15 (P = 0.005), HSPA2 (P = 0.000), RASSF1A (P = 0.003), TSHB1 (P = 0.018), and TMEFF2 (P = 0.002).

ISSN: 1756-9966