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Table 3 Cox proportional hazard regression analyses of clinicopathological factors and piRNAs for predicting overall and recurrence-free survival in ccRCC patients after nephrectomy and C-indexes of the models

From: Piwi-interacting RNAs as novel prognostic markers in clear cell renal cell carcinomas

 

Overall survival analysisa

Recurrence-free survival analysisa

 

All ccRCC patients (N = 106)

Non-metastatic ccRCC (N = 76)

Non-metastatic ccRCC (N = 72)

Variableb

HR (95 % CI)

P value

HR (95 % CI)

P value

HR (95 % CI)

P value

Univariate analysis

Age (continuous)

0.98 (0.96–1.01)

0.300

0.99 (0.94–1.04)

0.771

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

0.709

Gender

0.97 (0.46–2.04)

0.929

2.95 (0.39–22.8)

0.297

5.35 (0.72–39.8)

0.103

pT stage (pT1-2/pT3-4)

4.44 (2.14–9.93)

<0.0001

3.57 (1.13–11.3)

0.031

3.47 (1.37–8.78)

0.009

Grade (G1-2/G3-4)

7.75 (3.91–15.4)

<0.0001

17.3 (3.67–81.3)

0.003

4.73 (2.27–9.84)

<0.0001

Margin (R0/R1-2)

2.51 (1.44–4.38)

0.001

3.15 (0.82–12.2)

0.098

6.23 (2.66–14.6)

<0.0001

Tumor size (continuous)

1.01 (1.01–1.02)

<0.0001

1.01 (1.01–1.02)

0.020

1.01 (1.01–1.02)

<0.0001

Metastasis

11.6 (5.60–24.2)

<0.0001

-

-

-

-

piR-30924

2.90 (1.36–4.94)

0.004

3.11 (1.01–3.50)

0.049

2.89 (1.04–8.08)

0.044

piR-57125

0.30 (0.15–0.59)

0.0006

0.0

0.964

2.08 (0.82–5.25)

0.123

piR-38756

3.96 (1.87–8.37)

0.0003

5.40 (1.47–19.9)

0.012

2.66 (1.06–6.67)

0.038

Multivariate analysisc

T stage

0.72 (0.24–2.15)

0.718

1.42 (0.30–6.81)

0.658

1.57 (0.38–6.52)

0.536

Grade

1.17 (0.43–3.18)

0.760

8.32 (0.52–33.4)

0.135

7.75 (1.11–54.4)

0.039

Margin

1.57 (0.67–3.69)

0.298

1.08 (0.19–6.14)

0.935

2.50 (0.77–8.15)

0.127

Tumor size

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.603

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

0.457

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.743

Metastasis

8.41 (3.10–22.8)

<0.0001

-

-

  

piR-30924

2.04 (1.02–4.51)

0.046

1.10 (0.24–5.03)

0.899

1.50 (0.41–5.43)

0.540

piR-57125

0.50 (0.21–1.18)

0.112

-

-

  

piR-38756

1.93 (0.72–5.16)

0.190

5.42 (0.99–29.8)

0.052

3.15 (1.96–9.32)

0.038

 C-Index with all variablesd

0.854

 

0.759

 

0.803

 

 C-Index without piRNAs

0.835

 

0.589

 

0.753

 

Multivariate analysis, backward eliminatione

Metastasis

11.0 (4.82–25.3)

<0.0001

-

-

-

-

Grade

-

-

8.00 (1.20–53.4)

0.032

27.8 (6.60–113)

<0.0001

piR-30924

2.27 (1.13–4.58)

0.022

-

-

-

-

piR-57125

0.44 (0.21–0.93)

0.031

-

-

-

-

piR-38756

-

-

5.67 (1.14–28.1)

0.034

3.22 (1.16–8.94)

0.025

 C-Index of the model

0.840

 

0.749

 

0.741

 
  1. Abbreviations: ccRCC clear cell renal cell carcinoma, CI confidence interval, C-Index concordance index, G histopathological grading according to Fuhrman, HR hazard ratio, pT pathological tumor classification, R surgical margin classification
  2. aThis study group included the two cohorts of non-metastatic (n = 76) and metastatic (n = 30) patients listed in Table 1; for the analysis of recurrence-free survival, data from four patients could not be obtained
  3. bCalculations were performed with categorization criteria as indicated in brackets and p values were obtained by bootstrapping (2000 resamples). piRNAs were dichotomized using their values obtained in ROC analyses at the point of maximal accuracy to discriminate between dead and alive as well as between recurrence and recurrence-free situation. The thresholds corresponded to those used in the Kaplan-Meier analyses in Figs. 2 and 3
  4. cThe multivariate analysis included all variables of the univariate analyses with p values <0.10
  5. dC-indexes [38] were calculated using models either with all variables or only with clinicopathological data without piRNAs
  6. eThe multivariate analysis with the backward elimination approach was made with p = 0.05 for entry and p = 0.10 for removal. The 95 % CI of the hazard ratios and the p values of the final model were obtained after bootstrapping
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Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

ISSN: 1756-9966

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