Fig. 5

Effect of injection force on downstream branch targeting. This figure highlights the effect of injection force on downstream branch targeting. The images are constructed from the video recordings from experiment 1 (similar to Fig. 4). The upper row (a-c) displays the administrations with the SMC, and the lower row (d-f) displays the ARC administrations. Periods of minimal (a,d), nominal (b,e) and excessive (c,f) injection force were recorded. Injection force seems to have a more significant impact on the downstream distribution with the SMC than with the ARC. a SMC administration with minimal force only targets the right second-order branch. b-c Injection with nominal or excessive force also leads to targeting of the left second-order branch, but the LHA is not targeted at all. Note that the flow pattern seems to change from laminar to turbulent (a-c). d ARC administration with minimal force leads to preferential targeting of the RHA. However, microspheres are still visible in the second order branches of the LHA. e-f The ARC administration with nominal and excessive force leads to a homogenous distribution over all first and second-order branches