Fig. 5

Effects of RF-Id on mitochondrial membrane potential and autophagy. Flow cytometric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential by using Mitotracker red, dye which localized in mitochondria and changed in according to mitochondrial membrane potential variations due to oxidative stress. U87 MG cells were treated with RF-Id for 72 h. (Right panels) The %MFIs of control were calculated, as described in ‘Materials and Methods’ and represented as columns. The experiments were performed at least three times and the results were always similar. Bars, SDs.** p ≤ 0.01 (a) Flow cytometric analysis of autophagosome formation (MDC incorporation) in U87 MG cells treated with RF-Id for 72 h. (Right panels) The %MFIs of control were calculated, as described in ‘Materials and Methods’ and represented as columns. The experiments were performed at least three times and the results were always similar. Bars, SDs. ** p ≤ 0.01