Fig. 4

Wogonoside inhibits the expression of metastasis-associated proteins through suppressing Twist1 expressing in breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cells were exposed to different concentrations of TNF-α and wogonoside for 48 h. a The expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, CD44v6, and vimentin proteins in the cells were analyzed by western blot using specific antibodies. b The expression of Twist1 protein in the cells was analyzed by western blot using specific antibodies. c Twist1 mRNAs were measured with real-time PCR. GAPDH was used as the internal control. The relative levels were calculated as the ratio of the relative biomarker mRNA to GAPDH mRNA. Each experiment was performed at least three times. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 compared with the control group; **p < 0.01 compared with the control group