Fig. 8

Gambogic acid (GA) and gemcitabine act synergistically against a xenograft tumor model of pancreatic cancer in vivo. Nude mice were used to construct a xenograft tumor model with BxPC-3 cells. a Xenograft tumors of four groups. b Tumor volume; * indicates the combination group or GA group compared to the control group alone, P < 0.05; # indicates the combination group compared to the GA group, P < 0.05. c Tumor weight. d Mice body weight at the end of treatment. e IHC staining of p-ERK, E2F1, and ribonucleotide reductase subunit-M2 (RRM2). f Quantification of IHC staining of p-ERK and RRM2. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5), * indicates P < 0.05; ** indicates P < 0.01; *** indicates P < 0.001