Fig. 3

Cells treated with exosomes isolated from cancer patient sera differentiated into the same lineages of the primary cancers. BRCA1-KO fibroblasts were treated for 3 weeks with medium containing exosomes isolated from the sera of patients with CRC-LM (a Case262Exo), HCC (b Case348Exo), Pancreatic cancer (Pancreatic C.; c Case290116Exo), or Ovarian cancer (Ovarian C.; d Case343Exo). Treated cells were injected subcutaneously into NOD/SCID mice (n = 3 mice per group). Four weeks after cells transplantation, mice were euthanized and the xenotransplants excised. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors generated following injection of treated cells were processed for H&E staining, or immunolabeled with antibodies against tumor specific markers (Additional file 1: Table S1). Scale bar: 100 μm