Fig. 4From: Sophoridine induces apoptosis and S phase arrest via ROS-dependent JNK and ERK activation in human pancreatic cancer cellsSophoridine triggers mitochondrial-related apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. a Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and flow cytometry analysis were performed to assess apoptosis in Miapaca-2 and PANC-1 cells under 20 μM Sophoridine treatment for 48 h. Numbers indicate the percentage of cells in each quadrant. b DAPI staining was used to show the Sophoridine-induced morphological cellular changes. Representative photomicrographs of cells under control or 20 μM Sophoridine treatment are showed. c The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining and detected by flow cytometry. Decrease in the ratio of FITC signals to PE signals indicates the loss of ΔΨm. d After pretreated with 20 μM z-VAD-fmk, a pan caspase inhibitor, for 1 h, Miapaca-2 and PANC-1 cells were treated with 20 μM Sophoridine for 48 h. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. e Western blotting analysis of bax, bad, bcl-2, bcl-xl, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-PARP and cytochrome c in cytosol and mitochondria after 20 μM Sophoridine treatment for the indicated time. Results are representatives of three separate experiments. GAPDH is set as control. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 versus the drug-untreated groupBack to article page