Fig. 3

Inhibition of autophagy impairs glioma invasive behavior initiated by TGF-β2. a Representative Western blots of SQSTM1 and LC3 conversion assays to evaluate the efficiency of siATG5 and siATG7 in tumor cells. b Brdu proliferation assays were performed on control tumor cells (U251, T98, and U87) and siATG5, siATG7 tumor cells after TGF-β2 treatement. Images were captured by fluorescence microscopy (scale bars, 50 μm) after 24 h and Brdu/DAPI ratio were calculated per fields in three independent assays. c Wound healing assay were also conducted with same conditions. Phase-contrast images (scar bars, 100 μm) were acquired at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after scratching. The corresponding data relative from 1 to 48 h are expressed in the graph. d Eosin-stained sections of the Matrigel matrix. The average number of invading siATG5, siATG7 cells and NTC in four representative eosin-stained images (scale bars, 100 μm) were counted after 24 h of invasion (Student’s t-test; Scale bars are 100 μm, and columns, means of triplicate assays, *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001; error bars are SD)