Fig. 1

Apigenin induces apoptotic cell death and autophagy in PEL cell lines. BC3 and BCBL1 cell were treated with apigenin at the indicated concentrations (12,5 and 25 μM) for 24 h. a Cell survival was assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay. The histograms represent the mean of the percentage of cell survival plus SD of at least three independent experiments. _*p< 0.05. b DNA content of PEL cell lines treated with apigenin (12,5 and 25 μM) for 24 h as measured with Propidium Iodide staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of sub-G1 events is reported. FACS plots are representative of at least three independent experiments. Means plus SD of three independent experiments are: BC3 CT 5 ± 0.7, BC3 Api 12,5 28 ± 4, BC3 Api 25 73 ± 7; BCBL1 CT 3 ± 1, BCBL1 Api 12,5 24 ± 4, BCBL1 Api 25 75 ± 9; c The expression levels PARP uncleaved and cleaved (clPARP) were assessed by western blot analysis. β-Actin was used as loading control. Numbers are calculated by quantitative densitometric analysis and indicate the ratio of clPARP versus β-Actin. d Cell survival of primary B lymphocytes as assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay. The histograms represent the mean of the percentage of cell survival plus SD of at least three independent experiments. _*p< 0.05. e PEL cells were treated with apigenin at 12,5 μM or chloroquine (CQ) at 10 nM and with both of them for 24 h and LC3-I/II expression was evaluated by western blotting. Numbers are calculated by quantitative densitometric analysis and indicate the ratio of LC3-II versus β-Actin. f BC3 and BCBL1 were treated with apigenin and p62 expression was evaluated by western blotting. Numbers are calculated by quantitative densitometric analysis and indicate the ratio of p62 versus β-Actin. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments