Table 1 Roles of molecules involved in endocytosis in normal and cancer cells. Figure adapted from L. Lanzeti et al
Molecule | Role in normal cells | Role in Cancer cells | Alterations | Tumor type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clathrin | Endocytic vesicle formation at PM Cell division Transport of extracellular materials | Tumor suppressor | M, T | Lymphoma Kidney |
Dynamin 2 | Fission of endocytic vesicles | Migration Invasiveness | O | Pancreas |
Rab5A | Vesicle formation Vesicle movement Vesicle maturation Trafficking of metalloproteases | Invasiveness Extension of invadosomes Conversion of in situ carcinomas to invasive ones | O | Breast |
Rab4 | Recycling to PM | Invasiveness | O | Breast |
Rab11 and effectors | Recycling of Tight junctions, EGFR and integrins to PM | Invasiveness Prediction of metastasis | O | Breast |
Rab 1A | Sensing of amino acids | Proliferation Cellular transformation | O | Colon |
Rab7 | Formation of autolysosomes Fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes Trafficking to lysosomes | Tumor suppressor | na | |
Numb | Maintenance of stem cell compartments Formation of endocytic vesicles Recycling to PM | EMT Emergence of CSC | U | Breast Lung |
Rab2A | Fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes Recycling of metallo-proteases to PM Controls ER-Golgi transport | Invasiveness EMT Expansion of CSC compartment | O | Breast |
Caveolin | Coat protein Signaling Transport of membrane components and growth receptors | Loss of caveolae results in cell proliferation | U, M, O | Multiple cancers |
LAMP1 | Protein of lysosome membrane | Expression levels correlated with invasiveness | O | Melanoma Colon |
CD71 | Receptor to transferrin | Loss of CD71 correlates with expansion of CSC and invasiveness | O U | Colon Pancreas Stomach Pancreas |