Fig. 5

Co-administration of SAHA and veliparib increased DNA damage in PCa cells. PCa cells and non-malignant prostate epithelial cells were treated with SAHA (1uM) and veliparib (20uM) alone or in combination, and cells were stained with immunofluorescent γH2AX antibody to show DNA damage foci (red punctate staining) at the site of DSBs. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Percentage of γH2AX⁺ cells ± SD is shown.*p < 0.05;**p < 0.01 (SAHA or veliparib alone vs. co-treatment). Immunofluorescence was validated by testing the increased γH2AX protein expression. a LNCaP. b C4–2. c PC-3. d CWR22Rv1. e RWPE-1