Fig. 9

A schematic diagram for the novel paracrine loop identified between cancer cells and macrophages based on exosomes from OSCCs. Macrophages were activated into M1-like TAMs via uptake exosomal-THBS1 released from OSCC cells through p38, Akt, and SAPK/JNK signaling. Reciprocally, CM from the exosome-activated macrophages significantly promoted malignant migration of OSCC cells