Fig. 2

ROCK-mTOR inhibitors induce GBM-Neuron cell conversion. a Kinetic analysis of iNs from GBM U118 cells was performed after induction with ROCK-mTOR inhibitors in neuronal medium. The bar graph shows quantity of iN cells with MAP2 positive staining. Quantitative data are presented as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. b No expression of MAP2 and Synapsin in U118 control cells without reprogramming treatment. c Expression of TUJ1, MAP2, Synapsin, LHX6 and TBR1 was examined in iNs 3 weeks after induction. B & C: Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 10 μm. d-f Electrophysiological characterization of U118 cells was performed 3 weeks after induction. d Representative traces of membrane currents were recorded with a ramp protocol (lower panel, a voltage ramp from -80 mV to + 60 mV over 500 ms). Fast activating Na + currents were prominent. e Representative current traces (upper panel) were recorded in voltage-clamp mode. Cells were depolarized by voltage steps from − 60 to + 60 mV in 10-mV increments (Δ10mV, upper panel). The lower panel shows the current-voltage (I-V) relationship for sodium current. f Sample traces of spontaneous synaptic currents (without pharmacological blockers) were recorded at a holding potential of − 80 mV