Fig. 5

TRAP⁺ multinucleate cells. TRAP⁺ staining images (40X magnification) (a, b, d, e, g, h) and counts (c, f, i) performed on Raw264.7 cell cultures treated with: (a) CTR; (b) RANKL; conditioned medium harvested from MDA-MB-231 cell line (d) untreated (CM) or (e) treated (LCM) with LIPUS; or co-cultured with MDA-MB-231 cells (g) untreated (Untreated_CC) or (h) treated (LIPUS_CC) with LIPUS. TRAP⁺ cells were counted in three field: (c) RANKL vs. CTR; (f) LCM vs. CM. CTR; (h) LIPUS_CC vs. Untreated_CC, (Mean ± SD, n = 3 replicates). Student t test: **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.0005.Effect sizes between RANKL and CTR of TRAP+ cells: d = 41.6, p < 0.0005