Fig. 1

Endothelial cells promote invasion of prostate cancer cell by suppressing AR. a Transwell invasion assays of CWR22Rv1 and C4–2 with or without HUVEC. b C4–2 and CWR22Rv1 cells were cocultured with HUVEC for 6, 12, 24 h. Quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were performed to assess AR expression. c C4–2 and CWR22Rv1 cells were transfected with MMTV-luc containing ARE and cocultured with HUVECs (medium for control) in the presence of 1 nM DHT as indicated. After 24 h, luciferase activity was measured. d C4–2 and CWR22Rv1 cells were transfected with siRNA targeting AR and PC-3 cell was overexpressed with AR, western blot was conducted to assess AR expression. e Transwell invasion assay of CWR22Rv1 and PC-3 cells with or without AR manipulation