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Fig. 3 | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

Fig. 3

From: Enhanced efficacy of histone deacetylase inhibitor combined with bromodomain inhibitor in glioblastoma

Fig. 3

Cotreatment with panobinostat and JQ1 commonly downregulates target gene expression in GBM. a Heatmap of relative gene expression levels of all active transcripts in U87 cells treated with DMSO, panobinostat, JQ1 or panobinostat/JQ1 for 16 h. b Venn diagram showing the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis results of the transcripts significantly downregulated (log2FC ≤ − 1, FDR ≤ 0.05) by panobinostat, JQ1 or panobinostat/JQ1 treatment. In addition, the 8 gene sets downregulated by only the Pano/JQ1 combinatorial treatment are shown in the bar chart on the right. c Venn diagram showing the number of genes significantly downregulated (log2FC ≤ − 1, FDR ≤ 0.05) by panobinostat, JQ1 or panobinostat/JQ1 treatment. d Histogram showing the number of active transcripts downregulated to a greater extent by the combinatorial treatment compared with each drug treatment alone in each group shown in (c). e Box plots of log2-fold changes of genes downregulated by panobinostat, JQ1 or panobinostat/JQ1 treatment in each group shown in (c), (***P < 0.001 compared to the panobinostat/JQ1 treatment, Students’ two-tailed t-test). f GO biological processes and KEGG categories of genes downregulated to a greater extent by the combinatorial treatment compared with each drug treatment alone. g qPCR results showing that GBM-associated oncogenic genes related to the mitotic nuclear division, cell division and cell cycle, etc. were significantly downregulated by the combined drug treatment compared with each drug treatment alone in U87 and U251 cells. Blue or red asterisks indicate P-values of panobinostat or JQ1 treatment alone compared with the combined drug treatment respectively. *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, Students’ two-tailed t-test

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