Fig. 1

ARHGEF16 is positively regulated by GLI2 in glioma cells. a Detection of Hh signaling pathway components PTCH1, SMO, SuFu, GLI1, and GLI2 in H4, U87, and U118 glioma cell lines. b Top upregulated genes in GLI2A U87 cells shown as a heat map, including the validated Hh signaling pathway target genes SOX2, GLI1, and PTCH1. c Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis of the major cellular activities associated with DEGs between Control and GLI2A U87 cells. d, e ARHGEF16 mRNA (d) and protein (e) levels in GLI2A-overexpressing and control H4, U87, and U118 cells. n = 3, **, P < 0.01. f, g ARHGEF16 mRNA (f) and protein (g) levels in Gli2 knockdown and control H4 cells. n = 3, **, P < 0.01. h, i ARHGEF16 mRNA (h) and protein (i) levels in H4 cells treated with indicated concentrations of the GLI2 inhibitor GANT61. n = 3, **, P < 0.01