Fig. 1

Pre-instillation of HCQ enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in lung cancer. a-d A total of 2 × 10⁵ Lewis cells were intratracheally instilled into the lungs of C57BL/6 J mice. On day 10, mice were instilled with HCQ (10 mg/kg) by lung perfusion and then treated with DOX (2 mg/kg) treatment by tail vein injection every 2 days. The mice were treated for 1 week. After 2 weeks, 5 mice were sacrificed for tumour evaluation. a Representative images of the lungs in each treatment group. (scale bar, 5 mm) b Lung weight in each group (n = 5). c Histological H&E staining of the lung in each group (scale bar, 100 μm). d The long-term survival of tumour-bearing mice from each group (n = 10). e The lung weight of Lewis-bearing mice treated with PBS, MMC (2 mg/kg) and MMC combined with HCQ (n = 5). f The lung weight of Lewis-bearing mice treated with PBS, PTX (4 mg/kg) and PTX combined with HCQ (n = 5). g The lung weight of Lewis-bearing mice treated with PBS, Cis (4 mg/kg) and Cis combined with HCQ (n = 5). h The lung weight of Lewis-bearing mice treated with PBS, DOX (2 mg/kg), DOX combined with NH₄Cl (10 mg/kg) and DOX combined with Met (10 mg/kg). For all graphs, the error bars indicate the mean ± s.e.m., *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments