Fig. 3
ARS and DHA suppressed TGF-β pathway to inhibit activation of L-929-CAFs and CAFs. L-929-CAFs and CAFs were treated with 50 μM or 30 μM of ART, ARM, ARS or DHA for 24 h respectively. (a) The effect of ART, ARM, ARS and DHA on TGF-β1 content of secreted cytokines. (b) The expression of p-Smad3 (Ser423/425), Smad3 and TGF-β1 proteins in the cells were analyzed by western blot using specific antibodies. (c) The migration ability was evaluated by a cell directional migration assay (image magnification: 200×). (d) The invasive ability was evaluated by a matrigel-coated transwell invasion assay (image magnification: 200×). Each experiment was performed at least three times. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 compared with CM-induced or control group; **p < 0.01 compared with CM-induced or control group