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Fig. 4 | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

Fig. 4

From: Artemisinin derivatives inactivate cancer-associated fibroblasts through suppressing TGF-β signaling in breast cancer

Fig. 4

ARS and DHA could not further inactivate L-929-CAFs and CAFs with TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. L-929-CAFs and CAFs were treated with 50 μM or 30 μM of ART, ARM, ARS or DHA for 24 h respectively. TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody was added to the culture system to exhaust secreted TGF-β1. (a) The effect of ART, ARM, ARS and DHA on TGF-β1 content of secreted cytokines. (b) The expression of MMP-9, fibronectin, vimentin, and α-SMA proteins in the cells were analyzed by western blot using specific antibodies. (c) The expression of p-Smad3 (Ser423/425), Smad3 and TGF-β1 proteins in the cells were analyzed by western blot using specific antibodies. (d) The migration ability was evaluated by a cell directional migration assay (image magnification: 200×). (e) The invasive ability was evaluated by a matrigel-coated transwell invasion assay (image magnification: 200×). Each experiment was performed at least three times. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 compared with CM-induced or control group; **p < 0.01 compared with CM-induced or control group

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