Fig. 4

Tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). (a and b) Expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin was evaluated using western blot and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in indicated processed cells and their corresponding control group. (c) E-cadherin and vimentin protein expression and subcellular localization were determined using immunofluorescence (IF) in CCLP1 and HCCC9810 cells. Data are means ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01