Fig. 4
From: Inhibition of TPL2 by interferon-α suppresses bladder cancer through activation of PDE4D
Roflumilast potentiated the anti-tumor effect of IFN-α in vivo. 5637 cells (5 × 106 cells/mouse) were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c nude mice. When the tumor size was ~ 100 mm3, mice were treated with phosphate buffered saline (control), roflumilast (5 mg/kg/day, oral administration), and IFN-α (1 × 104 U/mouse/2 days, intraperitoneal injection) either individually or in combination for 24 days before sacrifice. The tumor volumes were measured every 4 days. (a) The tumor growth curves of all the treatment groups. Each data point indicates the mean of tumor volume (n = 6 per group). (b) Image of the tumors in all the treatment groups. (c) The tumor weights in all the treatment groups (n = 6 per group). (d, e) The lysis of tumor tissues in all treatment groups were used to detected the cAMP levels (d) and expressions of PDE4D (e). (f, g) IHC and difference analyses of PDE4D (f) and pTPL2 (g) expressions (Histochemistry-Score) among the T24 tumor tissues of the indicated groups. Error bars indicate mean ± SD (n = 7). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; #, P < 0.05 (t-test and Mann-Whitney test)