Fig. 1

Osthole inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in TNBC cells. a Chemical structure of osthole. b, c The effects of osthole on the viability of human TNBC cells. MDA-MB-231, BT-549, MDA-MB-468, and MCF-7 cells were challenged with increasing concentrations of osthole. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and the IC₅₀ values at 24 h (b) and 48 h (c) were calculated. d Induction of apoptosis in TNBC cells as determined by annexin V/PI staining following exposure to osthole. e Quantification of annexin V/PI staining showing the percentage of apoptotic cells following osthole challenge [*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to DMSO control]. f MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells were challenged with osthole for 48 h or 24 h, respectively. Cell lysates were then subjected to assessment of apoptosis-related proteins by western blot. GAPDH was used as internal control. Data representative of 3 independent experiments