Fig. 6

The effect of ATRA treatment on proliferation and apoptosis in ex vivo tissue explants. High grade serous ovarian cancer tissues (n = 12) were treated with control medium (0.1% DMSO) or ATRA (1 μM) for 72 h. Apoptosis was assessed using an antibody to cleaved caspase 3 (a) and proliferation was assessed using Ki67 antibody (b). Representative images for cleaved caspase 3 and Ki67 are shown (scale bar = 100 μm, all images are the same magnification). The summary of the immunostaining quantitation for cleaved caspase 3 (a) and Ki67 (b) is shown. The data represents the number of Ki67 or cleaved caspase 3 positive cells/mm² for each tissue. The bar is the median value. *p < 0.05, Wilcoxon pair test