Table 3 Landmark clinical trials in the development of VEGF inhibitors
From: Clinical development of targeted and immune based anti-cancer therapies
Drug Name | Clinical Trial ID | Trial Name | Population | Comparator | Year | Sponsor | Phase | N | Median OS (months) | Median PFS (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VEGF inhibitors | ||||||||||
 Sorafenib (Nexavar®) | ||||||||||
  Sorafenib (400 mg BD) | NCT00073307 | TARGET | Metastatic RCC | Placebo | 2003–2006 | Bayer | III | 903 | 17.8 vs 15.2 | 5.5 vs 2.8 |
  Sorafenib (400 mg BD) | NCT00984282 |  | Thyroid cancer | Placebo | 2009–2012 | Bayer | III | 417 | 52.7 vs 54.8% | 10.8 vs 5.8 |
 Bevacizumab (Avastin®) | ||||||||||
  Bevacizumab (10 mg/kg/2w) | NCT00281697 | RIBBON 2 | Metastatic Breast Cancer | Placebo | 2006–2009 | Genentech | III | 684 | 18.6 vs 17.8 | 7.2 vs 5.1 |
  Bevacizumab (5 mg/kg/w) | NCT00528567 | BEATRICE | Breast cancer (triple negative) | Standard adjuvant chemotherapy | 2007–2012 | Hoffmann-La Roche | III | 2591 | NR | NR |
  Bevacizumab (10 mg/kg/2w) | NCT00028990 | E2100 | Metastatic breast cancer | Paclitaxel | 2001–2006 | Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group | III | 722 | NR | 11.8 vs 5.9 |
  Bevacizumab (5 mg/kg/w) | NCT01169558 |  | Metastatic CRC | Combination with Fluoropyrimidine-based Chemotherapy | 2006–2009 | Hoffmann-La Roche | III | 162 | 21.6 | 11.0 |
  Bevacizumab (15 mg/kg/3w) | NCT01239732 |  | Ovarian cancer | Paclitaxel + Carboplatin | 2010–2015 | Hoffmann-La Roche | III | 1021 | NA | 25.5 |
  Bevacizumab (dose NR) + chemotherapy | NCT00565851 | GOG-0213 | Ovarian, Epithelial, Peritoneal, Fallopian Tube Cancer | Chemotherapy | 2007–2019 | National Cancer Institute | III | 1038 | 42.2 vs 37.3 | 13.8 s 10.4 |
  Bevacizumab (15 mg/kg/3w) + chemotherapy | NCT00434642 | OCEANS | Ovarian cancer | Chemotherapy | 2007–2013 | Genentech | III | 484 | 33.6 vs 32.9 | 12.4 vs 8.4 |
  Bevacizumab (10 mg/kg/w) + IFNα2A | NCT00738530 | AVOREN | RCC | IFNα2A | 2004–2008 | Hoffmann-La Roche | III | 649 | 23.3 vs 21.3 | 10.2 vs 5.5 |
  Bevacizumab (15 mg/kg/3w) + chemotherapy | NCT00803062 | GOG-240 | Cervical cancer | Chemotherapy | 2008–2017 | National Cancer Institute | III | 452 | 17.5 vs 14.3 | 9.6 vs 6.7 |
  Bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) | NCT00345163 | BRAIN | Glioblastoma | Chemotherapy | 2006–2007 | Genentech | II | 167 | 8.7 vs 9.2 | 50.3 vs 42.6% |
  Bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) | NCT01351415 |  | NSCLC | Chemotherapy | 2006–2014 | Hoffmann-La Roche | III | 485 | 11.9 vs 10.2 | 5.5 vs 4.0 |
 Ramucirumab (Cryamza®) | ||||||||||
  Ramucirumab (8 mg/kg/2w) | NCT00917384 | REGARD | Metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer | Placebo | 2009–2015 | Eli Lilly and Company | III | 355 | 2.1 vs 1.3 | 5.2 vs 3.8 |
 Aflibercept (EYLEA®) | ||||||||||
  Aflibercept (4 mg/kg) + FOLFIRI | NCT00561470 | VELOUR | CRC | FOLFIRI | 2007–2012 | Sanofi | III | 1226 | 13.5 vs 12.1 | 6.9 vs 4.7 |
  Aflibercept (4 mg/kg) + docetaxel | NCT00532155 | VITAL | Metastatic NSLC | Docetaxel | 2007–2011 | Sanofi | III | 913 | 10.1 vs 10.4 | 5.2 vs 4.1 |
  Aflibercept (4 mg/kg) + gemcitabine | NCT00574275 | VANILLA | Metastatic pancreatic cancer | Gemcitabine | 2007–2010 | Sanofi | III | 546 | 7.8 vs 6.5 | 3.7 vs 3.7 |