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Fig. 1 | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

Fig. 1

From: A subset of diffuse-type gastric cancer is susceptible to mTOR inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of the procedures and features of PDX lines in vivo and in vitro. a Schematic diagram of the experimental procedures. Tumorigenicity and differentiation potency of PDX cells grown in primary culture were examined to determine whether they were GC-initiating cells. They were further characterized by gene expression profiles and mutation number analyses. By identifying drugs that suppress their growth, new targeted therapy for diffuse-type GCs was proposed. b-o Light micrographs showing histological features of (b-d) parental tumors, (e-g) PDXs, and (m-o) tumors formed by injection of cultured cells. Signet ring cells (red arrows in e, f, m, n) were found in HGC-3 and -18 PDXs and tumors formed by injection of cultured HGC-3 and -18 cells. Stained with Alcian Blue (pH2.5)-PAS-hematoxylin. h-k Phase contrast micrographs of h, k HGC-3, i HGC-18, and j HGC-20 cells in primary culture. Spheres (red arrows) were found in culture of HGC-18 and -3 cells. When HGC-3 cells were cultured for weeks, kelp-like structures were found (k, black arrows) (also see Additional file 3: Movie S1). l Ratio of tumor formation by injection of cultured cells into NOD-SCID mice. Clinicopathological features of diffuse-type GC patients whose cancers were used for the establishment of PDX lines are described in Additional file 2: Table S1

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