Fig. 2

Approaches for targeting FRs as therapies for cancer and inflammatory diseases. 1) Folate [13] or Antibody [58] drug-conjugates [59], 2) Monoclonal antibodies (immune effector cell engagement): antibodies link FRs-expressing tumor cells with immune effector cells that bear Fc receptors leading to antibody-dependent effector cell-mediated cytotoxicity [27, 29], 3) Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells: CAR T cells recognizing FRs through scFv (single chain variable fragment) trigger tumor cell killing [60,61,62], 4) Folate or Antibody nanoparticles-conjugates [63]