Fig. 1

G0S2 is upregulated in radioresistant glioma stem cells (GSCs). a Heatmap of mRNA-Seq analysis of differentially expressed genes (2-fold change and FDR < 0.01) between GSC 1123-C and GSC 1123-R cells. b Quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis of ALDH1A3 and G0S2 mRNA expression in GSC 1123-C and GSC 1123-R cells. ACTB (encoding β-actin) was used as a control. Error bars, SD. *, p < 0.05. c Western blotting (WB) assays of ALDH1A3 and G0S2 expression in GSC 1123-C and GSC 1123-R cells. d Expression level of G0S2 mRNA in proneural (PN) and mesenchymal (MES) GSCs, neural progenitors (NSC 16WF), normal astrocytes and glioma cell lines from the GSE67089 dataset [19]. e WB analysis of G0S2 expression in GSC and glioma cells. β-actin was used as a control. f WB analysis of G0S2 expression in four paired clinical GBM samples and normal brain tissues. g Expression level of G0S2 mRNA is significantly higher in GBM compared with normal brains. Expression data of G0S2 mRNA were downloaded from the GSE7696 dataset [24] and analyzed. h Expression level of G0S2 mRNA is correlated with glioma progression. Expression data of G0S2 mRNA were downloaded from GSE1962 dataset [25] and analyzed. i Expression level of G0S2 mRNA is higher in recurrent GBM compared with paired newly diagnosed GBM. Expression data of G0S2 mRNA were downloaded from GSE4271 dataset [44] and analyzed. j Kaplan–Meier analysis of patients with high G0S2 mRNA-expressing glioma tumors versus low G0S2 mRNA-expressing tumors in GBM from the GSE13041 dataset. Statistical analysis was performed by log-rank test in a GraphPad Prism version 5.0 for Windows. Median survival (in months): low, 12.83; high, 10.58. Black bars, censored data. Data in (B, C, E and F) represent two independent experiments with similar results