Fig. 6

A proposed model of participation of SNHG1 in the regulation of signaling pathways that contribute sorafenib resistance in HCC cells. “→” indicates positive regulation or activation; “⊥”, negative regulation or blockade. “+P” indicates the enhancement of protein phosphorylation, while “-P”, the reduction of protein phosphorylation. A dotted line indicates the mechanisms investigated in previous studies, while a solid line, the mechanisms investigated in the present study. Abbreviations: 4EBP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase; miR-21, microRNA-21; SLC3A2, solute carrier family 3 member 2; SNHG1, small nucleolar RNA host gene 1