From: MicroRNA based theranostics for brain cancer: basic principles
miRNA | ↑/↓ | Study, Year, Ref. | Biological fluid and Analysis method | No. of pts. | Significance | Area under the Curve (AUC) SS/SP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-21 miR-10b miR-200 | ↑ ↑ ↑ | Teplyuk, 2012 [127] | CSF qRT-PCR | 19 GBM 118 other non glioma – metastases, neurologic conditions | miR-21 Increased in patients with GBM, brain metastases from breast and lung cancer compared to healthy controls Does not distinguish between primary glioma and brain metastases miR-10b Absent in controls Present in GBM, and brain metastases miR-200 Not present in normal brain tissue Very low levels in glioma High levels in other solid cancers Its presence in CSF distinguishes between glioma and brain metastases Quantification of 7 miRNA in CSF distinguishes between GBM and brain metastasis | N/A |
miR-21 | ↑ | Akers, 2013 [126] | CSF qRT-PCR | 13 GBM 14 Non-cancer controls 24 GBM 5 Non-cancer controls | Distinguishes between GBM and non-oncologic controls | AUC = 0.91 SS = 87% SP = 93% |
miR-21 miR-15b | ↑ ↑ | Baraniskin, 2012 [125] | CSF qRT-PCR | 10 Glioma 10 Neurologic diseased patients 23 PCNSL 7 Brain metastases | miR-21 Elevated in all glioma, PCNSL, metastases compared to non-neoplastic controls Lower CSF levels in glioma, compared to metastases and PCNSL miR-15b Elevated CSF levels in glioma compared to control, metastasis and PCNSL Distinguishes between glioma and non-glioma patients | miR-21 = N/A miR-15b: Glioma vs healthy controls AUC = 0.96 SS = 90% SP = 94% |
miR-451 miR-711 miR-935 miR-223 miR-125b | ↑ ↑/↓ ↓ ↑ ↑ | Drusco, 2015 [129] | CSF Nano-String qRT-PCR | 9 Glioma 2 Ependimoma 4 Meningioma 4 Glioblastoma 3 Medulloblastoma 4 Lung cancer metastasis 5 BC9 metastasis 3 Lymhoma 14 Healthy Controls | Differential expression of aforementioned miRNAs Levels could distinguish between cancer patients and healthy controls | N/A |
miR-21-5p miR-218-5p miR-193b-3p miR-331-3p miR-374a-5p miR-548c-3p miR-520f-3p miR-27b-3p miR-130b-3p | ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ | Akers, 2017 [128] | CSF TaqMan OpenArray Real-Time PCR System | Cohort 4 – Cisternal CSF 10 GBM 12 Controls Cohort 5 – Lumbar CSF 18 GBM 20 Controls | MiRNA signature distinguishes GBM from healthy controls in cisternal and lumbar CSF specimens Lumbar CSF has low sensitivity | Cohort 4 – Cisternal CSF AUC = 0.75 (95% CI 0.53, 0.97) SS = 80%; SP = 67% Cohort 5 – Lumbar CSF AUC = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.96). SS = 28%; SP = 95%. |