Fig. 6

CoQ₀ inhibits TGF-β/TNF-α-induced metastasis and EMT in MCF-10A cells. Cells were pretreated with 2 μM CoQ₀ for 1 h and then stimulated with TGF-β/TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. (A-C) CoQ₀ inhibits TNF-α/TGF-β-induced metastasis. a Cells invasiveness determined by counting cells in three microscopic fields per sample. b CoQ₀ inhibits TNF-α/TGF-β-induced MMP-2/− 9 and uPA. Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in conditioned medium from MCF-10A cells was evaluated using gelatin zymography. c CoQ₀ inhibits TNF-α/TGF-β-induced uPA. uPA protein expression was monitored by using Western blot analyses. (D-E) CoQ₀ inhibits TNF-α/TGF-β-induced EMT. d Cytoskeletal pattern of F-actin was measured by immunofluorescence analyses (100 × magnification). e CoQ₀-induced TNF-α/TGF-β decreased E-cadherin and inhibited TNF-α/TGF-β-induced β-catenin. Using Western blot analyses monitored e-cadherin and β-catenin protein expression. The results are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent assays. **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 significant compared to control cells; ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 significant compared to TNF-α alone treated cells