Fig. 6

The combination of CQ/IH inhibits tumor growth in a TNBC xenograft mouse model. Sixty-four BALB/c nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with MDA-MB-231 cells and randomly divided into four groups (16 mice per group, ten mice were used for determination of survival and six for determination of tumor volume and H&E, TUNEL, and immunohistochemistry analyses). After 5 days of inoculation, mice were treated with vehicle, CQ, IH, and the CQ/IH combination. a Comparison of the overall survival of mice between vehicle, CQ, IH and CQ/IH (n = 10 mice per group). Statistical significance in survival was determined by log-rank test. ^***P < 0.01, comparison between vehicle and CQ/IH. b Average tumor volume in mice treated with vehicle, CQ, IH, and CQ/IH (n = 6 mice per group). ^*** P < 0.001, comparison between vehicle and CQ/IH. c Body weight of mice during the 30 days of treatment. d Tumor tissues were sectioned and subjected to H&E, TUNEL, and immunohistochemistry analyses for determination of morphology, apoptosis, and the expression of C-Caspase 3, p-CaMKII (T286), and p-Drp1 (S616). Original magnification × 200. Scale bars: 100 μm. e The proposed mechanism of the synergistic interactions between isorhamnetin and chloroquine