Fig. 3
Napabucasin represses the migration and invasion of GBM cells. a Representative images of the wound healing assay showing that Napabucasin treatment (1 μM, 24 h) inhibited glioma cell migration. b Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the invasive abilities of glioma cells treated with the vehicle or Napabucasin (1 μM, 24 h). Quantification was carried out by counting the number of cells in the ‘Migration’ panel (inserts without Matrigel represent migrated cells) and ‘Invasion’ panel (inserts with Matrigel represent invasive cells). The invasive ability of glioma cells is indicated by the invasion index (‘Invasion’ panel/ ‘Migration’ panel× 100%). c Three-dimensional spheroid cell invasion assay of glioma cells treated with the vehicle or Napabucasin (1 μM). Representative images (× 100) were captured at days 1 and days 5. d Western blot analysis showed that the levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were significantly reduced in the Napabucasin (1 μM, 24 h) treated group. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, #p < 0.001)