Table 1 Major drug resistance-related proteins which have been reported as regulated by CK2 (via direct phosphorylation and/or control of the protein amount)

ABCG2

MDR efflux pump

Yes

[15]

AKT (PKB)

Ser/Thr kinase

Ser129

Yes

[16,17,18]

ARC

Apoptosis repressor

Thr149

Yes

[19]

BRD4

Epigenetic regulator and transcription cofactor

Yes

[20]

CDC37

Co-chaperone protein

Ser13

Yes

Yes

[21]

EGFR

Receptor tyrosine kinase

Yes

[22]

FLIP

Inhibitor of apoptosis

Yes

[23]

GLI2

Transcription factor

Yes

[24]

HMGA1

DNA replication, transcription, heterochromatin organization

Yes

[25]

HSP27

Chaperone protein

Yes

[26, 27]

HSP70

Chaperone protein

Yes

[26]

HSP90

Chaperone protein

Thr22 Ser225 Ser254

Yes

[28, 29]

IKBα

NF-κB inhibitor

Ser32 Ser36

Yes

[30]

MDC1

DNA repair (DSB)

Yes

[31]

MRE11

DNA repair (DSB)

Yes

Yes

[32]

MRP1

MDR efflux pump

Thr249

Yes

[33]

NF-κB p65(RelA)

Transcription factor

Ser259

Yes

[22, 30, 34,35,36]

p53

Tumor suppressor

Ser392

Yes

Yes

[37,38,39]

P-gp

MDR efflux pump

Ser665 Ser669 Ser681

Yes

Yes

[28, 40]

PTEN

Lipid phosphatase

Ser370, Ser380, Thr382, Thr383, Ser385 (*)

Yes

Yes

[41,42,43]

STAT3

Transcription factor

Ser727

Yes

[36]

Survivin

Inhibitor of apoptosis

Yes

[44]

TAp73

Tumor suppressor

Thr27

Yes

Yes

[45]

Topoisomerase I

DNA structure and function regulation

Ser506

Yes

[46,47,48]

Topoisomerase II

DNA structure and function regulation

Ser1106

Yes

[49,50,51,52]

XRCC1

DNA repair (SSB)

S485/T488 and S518/T519/T523

Yes

[53,54,55]

XRCC4

DNA repair (DSB, NHEJ)

Thr233

Yes

[56]