Fig. 3

Identification and validation of oncogenic signaling pathways that confer resistance to Palbociclib treatment. a Reactome pathway analysis with sgRNA candidates that confer resistance to Palbociclib. b,c Transcriptional activation of the 5 candidate genes was confirmed by qPCR in T24 SAM cells transduced with the according sgRNAs. d Detection of cell growth using a SRB cell proliferation assay after 4 days of Palbociclib (1000 Nm) treatment. Bar graph indicates the absorbance relative to NTC (*, P < 0.05; unpaired t-test), (e) 10 day clonogenic assay under Palbociclib (1000 nM) treatment. (Surviving fraction = colony number/seeded cell number in %; * means P < 0.05; unpaired t-test). Data represent the mean ± SD of 3 replicates