Table 3 Representative ongoing immune checkpoint blockade(ICB) based immunotherapy clinical trails in HCC
Regimen | Disease | Mechanism of action | Estimated/Actual enrollment | NCT number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-CTLA-4 antibody based monotherapy/combination therapy | ||||
 Tremelimumab+TACE | Liver cancer | Anti-CTLA-4 antibody; chemoembolization | 61 | NCT01853618 |
 Tremelimumab | Advanced HCC | Anti-CTLA-4 antibody | 20 | NCT01008358 |
 Ipilimumab +Nivolumab/ Nivolumab alone following SBRT | Unresectable HCC | Anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-CTLA-4 antibody | 50 | NCT03203304 |
Anti-PD-1 antibody based monotherapy/combination therapy | ||||
 Nivolumab+Y90 Radioembolization | HCC | Liver-localized radioembolization, PD-1 blockade | 40 | NCT03033446 |
 Nivolumab+cabozantinib | Advanced HCC | Neoadjuvant therapy, PD-1 blockade | 15 | NCT03299946 |
 Nivolumab+Pexa Vec | HCC | Oncolytic Immunotherapy, PD-1 blockade | 30 | NCT03071094 |
 Nivolumab+Ipilimumab | HCC (Resectable and potentially resectable) | CTLA-4 blocade, PD-1 blockade | 45 | NCT03222076 |
 Nivolumab following selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) | HCC (unresectable) | PD-1 blockade, radiation therapy | 40 | NCT03380130 |
 Nivolumab following complete resection | HCC | PD-1 blockade | 530 | NCT03383458 |
 Nivolumab+Galunisertib | NSCLC HCC | TGF-β receptor I kinase inhibitor, PD-1 blockade | 75 | NCT02423343 |
 Nivolumab+Lenvatinib | HCC | TKI + PD-1 blockade | 26 | NCT03418922 |
 Nivolumab+Y90 | HCC | PD-1 blockade+Radioembolization | 35 | NCT02837029 |
 Nivolumab+Sorafenib | HCC | PD-1 blockade+chemotherapy | 40 | NCT03439891 |
 Nivolumab+CC-122 (Avadomide) | HCC (unresectable) | PD-1 blockade+immunomodulator (targeting protein cereblon) | 50 | NCT02859324 |
 Nivolumab+deb-TACE | Advanced HCC | PD-1 blockade+transarterial chemoembolization | 14 | NCT03143270 |
 Nivolumab+Mogamulizumab | HCC other solid tumors | PD-1 blockade+anti-CCR4 antibody | 188 | NCT02705105 |
 TATE followed by Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab | HCC; mCRC | PD-1 blockade+TACE | 40 | NCT03259867 |
 Nivolumab | Advanced HCC (with or without viral infections) | PD-1 blockade | 262 | NCT01658878 |
 Nivolumab (vs. Sorafenib) | Advanced HCC | PD-1 blockade | 726 | NCT02576509 |
Anti-PD-L1 antibody based monotherapy/combined therapy | ||||
 Durvalumab+tremelimumab | Unresectable HCC | Anti-PD-L1 antibody, anti-CTLA-4 antibody | 440 | NCT02519348 |
 Durvalumab monotherapy; Durvalumab+Tremelimumab vs. Sorafenib | Unresectable HCC | Anti-PD-L1 antibody, anti-CTLA-4 antibody | 1200 | NCT03298451 |
 Durvalumab+Guadecitabine (SGI-110) | Liver cancer; pancreatic cancer; bile duct cancer; gallbladder cancer | Anti-PD-L1 antibody, small molecule DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor | 90 | NCT03257761 |
 Durvalumab+Tremelimumab+ablative therapies | Advanced HCC and BTC | Anti-PD-L1 antibody, anti-CTLA-4 antibody | 90 | NCT02821754 |
 Durvalumab+Ramucirumab (LY3009806) | GEJ adenocarcinoma; NSCLC; HCC | Anti-PD-L1 antibody, anti-VEGFR2 antibody | 114 | NCT02572687 |
Anti-LAG-3 antibody in combination with anti-PD-1 blockade | ||||
 Relatlimab+Nivolumab | Different types of solid tumor (including HCC) | Anti-LAG-3 antibody,anti-PD-1 antibody | 1000 | NCT01968109 |