Fig. 4

Encapsulation of MV-Edm in GOS promoted viral infection and improved oncolytic effects, and intratumorally injected GOS/MV-Edm significantly inhibited the tumor growth of mice in vivo. a HeLa and A549 cells were infected with MV-Edm-eGFP and GOS/MV-Edm-eGFP at an MOI of 0.5 and 5 μg/ml PEI-GOS-PEG-FA. The fluorescence images of the cells and the GFP fluorescence intensities were measured at 48 h postinfection. b The HeLa and A549 cells were infected with MV-Edm-Luc or GOS/MV-Edm-Luc at an MOI of 0.5, and the luciferase activity was monitored based on its luminescence 48 h after the virus injection. c Cell death was quantified by trypan blue exclusion in HeLa and A549 cells at 48 h postinfection. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments. Mean of triplicates, # p indicates not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. d A total of 5 × 10⁶ HeLa cells/0.1 ml/mouse was subcutaneously injected into the left flanks of 5- to 6-week-old male Foxn1nu mut/mut mice; 10 days later, the tumors became visible. The mice were randomized into two groups (n = 5 for each group). Then, two groups of mice were intratumorally injected with MV-Edm-Luc (2 × 10⁶ TCID50 per mouse). Luciferase activity was monitored by an in vivo luminescence imaging system 72 h after virus injection (left panel). Photons per cm² tumor were quantified (lower panel). e On the first day and the fourteenth day after implantation of HeLa cells, naked MV-Edm or GOS/MV-Edm were injected peritumorally into the mice bearing HeLa tumors. The volumes of tumors treated with GOS/MV-Edm (black line) were clearly smaller than those treated with naked MV-Edm (gray line). Means are shown (n = 5 of each), * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01