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Fig. 3 | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research

Fig. 3

From: Acetyl-L-Carnitine downregulates invasion (CXCR4/CXCL12, MMP-9) and angiogenesis (VEGF, CXCL8) pathways in prostate cancer cells: rationale for prevention and interception strategies

Fig. 3

Effects of ALCAR on PCa and BPH cell lines functional assays and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine release. To determine the effects of ALCAR on PCa and BPH cell lines adhesion, migration and invasion. PCa (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP) and BPH cell lines were pre-treated for 24 h with ALCAR 1 and 10 mM and tested for the ability to of ALCAR prevent cell (a) adhesion on fibronectin (b) migration on fibronectin and (c) invasion in matrigel, using the Boyden chamber assay. ALCAR 1 and 10 mM were able to significantly inhibit cell adhesion, migration and invasion in the PCa and BPH cell line. PCa (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP) and BPH were treated with ALCAR 1 and 10 mM for 24 h and analysed for pro-inflammatory cytokine production by flow cytometry. Histogram for pro-inflammatory and pro-migratory/invasive cytokines showing that ALCAR 1 and 10 mM reduced the expression of (d-h) TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL12-CXCR4 and CCL2 as fold-change over non-treated cells (NT). Results are showed as normalised over non-treated cells (NT), as mean ± SEM, ANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001

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