Fig. 4
Cell death evaluation after PDT in a 3D co-culture system. Schematic summary of 3D in-vitro testing (a). Quantification of survival rates observed in multicellular spheroids composed by different ratios of AlPcS4@NPs loaded MSCs and MG-63 after 10 min irradiation. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (ratio 1:1 n = 5, ratio 1:3 n = 4, ratio 1:7 n = 3) (b). Representative confocal images (scale bar = 100 μm) of Live&Dead staining (green Calcein AM staining of live cells and red EthD-1 staining of dead cells’ nuclei) (c) and representative TEM images (scale bar = 5 μm) (d) of control (−PDT) and irradiated (+PDT) spheroids at 1:1, 1:3 and 1:7 ratios