Fig. 2.

The mechanism of angiogenesis promoted by exosomal miRNAs. Exosomes secreted by the primary tumor cells are taken up by the receptor endothelial cells, wherein the exosomal miRNAs (miR-23a, miR-25-3p, miR-205, etc.) target the proteins (TSGA10, KLF2, PTEN, etc.) and activate the molecules (VEGFR2, p-AKT, p-ERK, etc.). These exosomal miRNAs promote angiogenesis by regulating the number of local blood vessels and physiological functions.