Fig. 3

CPI-613-induced apoptosis is associated with increased ROS levels in pancreatic cancer cells. a, b The effects of NAC on CPI-613-induced ROS generation. AsPC-1 (a) and PANC-1 (b) cells were treated with or without 200 μM CPI-613 for 12 h in the presence or absence of 5 mM NAC, and ROS levels were determined and quantitated by DCFH-DA staining. c, d The effects of NAC on CPI-613-induced apoptosis. AsPC-1 (c) and PANC-1 (d) cells were treated with or without 200 μM CPI-613 for 48 h in the presence or absence of 5 mM NAC, and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. e The molecular changes in apoptosis were determined by Western blot with antibody against PARP. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01