Fig. 4
From: Mimicking tumor hypoxia and tumor-immune interactions employing three-dimensional in vitro models
A pie chart representing the five more relevant hallmarks that define the design of an ideal 3D tumor platform that constitutes intrinsic tumor-immune interactions including: choice of biomaterials (e.g. alginate, chitosan, collagen and silk/fibroin); cellular factors (cancer cells, endothelial, stromal or stem cells); immune factors (T cells, NK cells, macrophages and MDSCs); biochemical factors (cytokines, growth factors, enzymes and inhibitors and microRNA systems); and physical factors (stiffness, topography, modulus and architecture). While each component is critical to efficacy, the goal is always to achieve a suitable balance between these five components while designing each 3D cell culture model