Table 3 Other potential radiopharmaceuticals to image tumor infiltrating immune cells
From: Relevance of immune cell and tumor microenvironment imaging in the new era of immunotherapy
Compound | Labelling agent | Target/Mechanism | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
T lymphocytes | 111In-oxine | Tumor infiltration/Cytokine production | Evaluation of immunotherapy/adoptive cell transfer efficacy |
89Zr-oxine | |||
[18F]FDG | |||
64Cu-gold nanoparticles | |||
SPIO | |||
19F-Perfluorcarbon | |||
mAb-TCR-complex | 64Cu | Tumor infiltration | T cell homing |
Interleukin-2 | 123I | Interleukin-2 receptors on activated lymphocytes | Evaluation of immunotherapy/adoptive cell transfer efficacy |
99mTc | |||
18F | |||
Anti-CD8 cys diabody | 89Zr | CD8 on activated T cells | Evaluation of immunotherapy efficacy |
NK cells | 111In-oxine | NK cell infiltration | Evaluation of adoptive cell transfer efficacy – NK cell homing |
89Zr-oxine | |||
[18F]FDG | |||
SPIO | |||
Anti-CD56 mAb | 99mTc | CD56 on NK cells | Evaluation of adoptive cell transfer efficacy – NK cell homing |
Macrophages | 111In-oxine | Tumor infiltration by macrophages | Pre-clinical evaluation of TAMs |
89Zr-Nanoparticles | |||
[18F]FDG | |||
19F-Nanoparticles | |||
SPIO | |||
(R)PK11195 | 11C | translocator protein (TSPO) expressed by TAMs | Pre-clinical evaluation of TAMs |
Anti-Mannose receptor nanobody | 99mTc | Mannose receptor on TAMs | Pre-clinical evaluation of TAMs |
18F |