Fig. 2

HCC cell lines can serve as a model of TACE resistance in vitro: (a) Hierarchical clustering of liver cancer cell lines based on the TACE Navigator gene signature to identify potential responder like and non-responder like cell lines. (b) In vitro confirmation of HCC cell line responder and non-responder like phenotypes. Responder like cells have a decrease in drug IC₅₀ when subjected to hypoxia whereas non-responder like cells undergo an increase in IC₅₀ when subjected to hypoxia (c) qPCR demonstrates that TACE non-responder like cells have enrichment of PKM2 mRNA in both normoxia and hypoxia with immuno-blot representing protein expression of PKM2 among responders and non-responders in normoxia (N) and hypoxia (H) demonstrates enrichment of PKM2 in non-responders like cells. (d) Glycolysis activity via lactate production of responders and non-responders in both normoxia and hypoxia demonstrates increased glycolytic activity among non-responder like cells