Fig. 6

Tumour hypoxia-induced alternative splicing: Therapeutic approaches. Schematic representation of the potential therapeutic approaches for reducing tumour hypoxia and subsequent tumour promoting alternative splicing, including a The use of lipid coated oxygen containing microbubble or nanoparticles that can be induced to release oxygen within hypoxic tissue by ultrasound (and also by diffusion, not shown); b Artificial red blood cell hemoglobin based oxygen carrying particles of 0.8–1.0 μm which reach places that 7 μM red blood cells cannot; c Vascular normalization by subtle re-equilibration of angiogenic equilibria, and d Small molecule inhibitors and modified antisense oligonucleotides and peptide nucleic acids to target spliceosome components, splicing factors, splice factor kinases, hypoxia induced alternatively spliced tyrosine kinase oncogenes and chemotherapeutic agents that alter splicing